Australian miners are hitting a data wall as high‑bandwidth sensors, autonomous fleets and video streams overwhelm traditional cloud links, pushing operations towards private LTE networks and on‑site edge computing. Vendors such as Vocus are pairing Starlink Business Rural satellite backhaul with 4G/5G private LTE to keep haul trucks, crushers and fixed plant connected in real time, even on remote pits and waste dumps. For engineers, this shift means designing networks and control systems around low‑latency, on‑site processing for fleet dispatch, collision avoidance and condition monitoring rather than centralised data centres.

Liebherr’s R 9800 G6 backhoe excavator at Yancoal’s Mount Thorley Warkworth mine in New South Wales has set new performance benchmarks for ultra-class loading, working the main overburden fleet alongside 340-tonne haul trucks. The machine, in the 800-tonne class, is designed for high-volume overburden removal with a nominal bucket capacity around 40 m³ and electric-drive assistance for faster cycle times. For mine planners and maintenance teams, the deployment signals growing confidence in ultra-large excavators for sustained production in hard overburden conditions.

Tungsten West has appointed Duo Group as EPC contractor for a new-build crushing, screening and ore sorting plant at the Hemerdon tungsten-tin mine in Devon, and signed an agreement to deploy Gekko Systems’ In Line Pressure Jigs in the flowsheet. The project centres on upgrading run-of-mine ore through pre-concentration and sensor-based sorting ahead of jig-based gravity recovery, aiming to improve tungsten and tin yield from the existing open-pit resource. For process engineers, the move signals a flowsheet shift towards higher early-stage rejection of waste and lower downstream milling load.

ESCO’s ESCO division has launched the Nexsys Ripper System for Cat D11 dozers, targeting high-load ripping in mining, aggregate and heavy construction applications. The system uses premium alloy steels and a redesigned shank–tooth interface to improve penetration and wear life under highly abrasive conditions typical of large open pits and quarries. Faster tooth changes and reduced unplanned change-outs are aimed at increasing dozer utilisation on primary ripping benches and hard overburden, with direct implications for drill-and-blast requirements and fleet productivity.

Atlas Salt has expanded its strategic relationship with Sandvik Mining as part of an updated feasibility study for the Great Atlantic underground salt project near St George’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, building on a comprehensive non‑binding MOU signed in September 2024. The enlarged scope is expected to cover Sandvik’s input on underground mobile equipment fleets and automation-ready mining systems for large-scale room-and-pillar extraction. For engineers, the move signals early vendor integration into mine design, equipment selection and life-of-mine operating cost assumptions ahead of project sanctioning.

Weir’s Alrode facility in Gauteng has become the first plant globally dedicated solely to manufacturing ENDURON Elite banana screens, adding 1,600 m² of covered production space to support the new range. Concentrating production in South Africa signals longer-term localisation of high-performance screening technology, with implications for regional supply chains and aftermarket support for large vibrating screens in coal, iron ore and aggregate operations. For process engineers, this may shorten lead times for custom screen sizes and deck configurations while standardising critical components across Weir’s global footprint.

Sandvik Rock Processing has completed a full rebuild of a Sandvik BR3288i hydraulic breaker and BB8094R breaker boom for a major Ghanaian gold mine at its Kumasi technical workshop. The unit, installed at the run-of-mine grizzly, is a large-range breaker used for primary rock size reduction and clearing oversize at the crusher feed. Localised refurbishment capability in Kumasi cuts downtime and shipping delays for future overhauls, which is critical for maintaining ROM throughput and crusher utilisation on West African hard-rock gold operations.

Real Time Density and Smart Compact Pro compaction control from Wirtgen’s Hamm rollers are giving asphalt crews pass-by-pass feedback on stiffness and density, sharply reducing the need to mill out and replace under-compacted mats. Sensors on the drum continuously measure compaction in real time and display colour-coded maps in the cab, allowing operators to adjust vibration amplitude, frequency and rolling pattern on the fly. Craig Yeats, Product Support Manager – Hamm, says the calibrated system is cutting rework and improving consistency across full-width lanes and longitudinal joints.

Weir is promoting its Enduron EP350 cone crusher as a long-life, high-availability solution for mine crushing circuits, pairing the machine with engineered wear parts and process optimisation services. The company focuses on matching crusher geometry, liner design and metallurgy to specific ore characteristics, and uses condition monitoring and remote support to stabilise throughput and reduce unplanned downtime. For geotechnical and plant engineers, the message is tighter integration of equipment design, wear management and circuit control rather than standalone crusher selection.

The Papua New Guinea Industrial and Mining Exhibition and Conference will return to Port Moresby in July, bringing together mine operators, EPC contractors and OEM suppliers focused on PNG’s gold, copper and LNG-linked projects. Exhibitors typically span underground fleet, pit dewatering, tailings and paste-fill systems, explosives, and remote power solutions suited to PNG’s high-rainfall, steep-slope terrain and logistics constraints. For geotechnical and mining engineers, the event is a key venue to source equipment and services for haul road construction, slope stabilisation, camp infrastructure and port expansions in a challenging tropical environment.

Atlas Copco Rental Australia’s DrillAir Y1260 compressor is being deployed as a single air source from drill pad to processing plant, replacing multiple smaller units across blasthole drilling, dewatering and plant air services. The high-pressure, high-flow package is containerised for rapid relocation in-pit and around fixed infrastructure, with integrated fuel management and remote monitoring to optimise load profiles. For mine operators, the approach concentrates maintenance on one large unit, simplifies air distribution design and can cut diesel consumption and unplanned downtime across the pit-to-plant circuit.

Kumba Iron Ore is investing ZAR11.2 billion (about US$600 million) to retrofit ultra-high-dense-media-separation (UHDMS) technology into the existing DMS plant at its Sishen mine in South Africa’s Northern Cape. The UHDMS circuit is designed to treat lower-grade ore and waste material at higher cut densities than conventional DMS, materially lifting product quality and overall yield. For process and plant engineers, the project signals a shift towards more intensive beneficiation to extend Sishen’s life of mine and improve margins without new pit development.

Sandvik is launching the Leopard DI610i, a down-the-hole surface drill rig for open-pit mines and contractors, covering a 115–203 mm (4½–8 in) hole size range. The i-series platform targets high utilisation and rapid operator on-boarding through advanced automation, digital drilling controls and an ergonomic cabin layout. Sandvik positions the DI610i to cut total cost of ownership versus previous Leopard rigs by optimising fuel use, consumable life and maintenance intervals, which will interest operations rationalising large DTH fleets.

Dewatering design for a deep well system is modelled in GeoStudio using SEEP/W to simulate transient drawdown and quantify inflow to an excavation, with wells arranged around the perimeter and pumped to lower the groundwater table below formation level. The example compares different pumping rates and well spacings, showing effects on pore water pressures, hydraulic gradients and potential instability in adjacent slopes and structures. For practitioners, it illustrates how to test alternative layouts and pumping schedules numerically before committing to well installation on site.

FLS has opened a large-scale service centre in Mackay, central to the Bowen Basin coalfields, to cut shutdown durations for Queensland miners by bringing overhaul capability for crushers, mills and vibrating screens closer to site. The modern workshop is sized for major components such as SAG mill heads and large cone crusher shells, with overhead lifting, specialised machining and condition-monitoring support integrated under one roof. Locating this capacity in Mackay reduces freight time for heavy equipment, enabling faster turnaround on wear parts and planned maintenance campaigns.

BFCG is supplying Western Australian mines with high-specification materials handling and processing components from drill string hardware through to weighbridge systems, targeting tighter tolerances and longer service life in abrasive ore conditions. The company focuses on precision-machined parts, fit-for-purpose alloys and coatings, and accurate load measurement to reduce unplanned downtime and mis-weighing at high-throughput sites. For maintenance and reliability teams, the approach supports more predictable wear behaviour, cleaner data for production accounting, and better integration between pit equipment and fixed plant.

Sripath Technologies is marking 20 years of supplying specialised asphalt additives and modifier technologies to the global road construction and maintenance sector, with a focus on performance and cost efficiency. The company’s portfolio includes products such as rejuvenators and polymer modifiers designed to improve rutting resistance, fatigue life and workability, while enabling higher reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents. Its long-term commercial track record signals growing confidence in engineered additives as a route to more durable, lower‑carbon pavements without major changes to existing plant or laying practices.

Schlam Payload has launched what it calls the world’s first mining truck bodies manufactured from green steel, integrating low‑emissions steel plate into its Hercules open‑pit haul truck trays. The design retains the Hercules’ ultra‑lightweight, high‑volume profile for large rigid dump trucks while substituting conventional plate with certified low‑carbon steel from SSAB’s HYBRIT-based supply chain. For mine operators, the move offers a direct Scope 3 emissions reduction lever on load-and-haul fleets without redesigning truck chassis, payload envelopes or existing maintenance practices.

Sandvik is acquiring South African-based ThoroughTec Simulation, an OEM-agnostic mining training simulator specialist with about 200 staff and 2025 revenues of roughly SEK 170 million, to be folded into Sandvik Mining and Rock Solutions’ parts and services division. ThoroughTec’s simulators and training management system will be combined with Sandvik’s digital solutions to deliver data-driven, customised operator training based on real machine performance, targeting higher productivity, improved operator behaviour and lower maintenance costs. The deal, with an undisclosed price, is expected to close in Q2 2026 and be EBITA-margin accretive.

Fortescue has commissioned two Progress Rail battery electric locomotives in the Pilbara, each with a 14.5MWh onboard battery and 40–60% regenerative braking, to haul 40,000-tonne iron ore trains over 300–400km and cut about one million litres of diesel use per year. The units will run on renewable power from the Pilbara Energy Connect network, which already includes a 100MW solar farm with a 250MWh BESS at North Star Junction and a 760km electrified rail corridor linking five mines to Port Hedland. Fortescue is concurrently advancing 190–644MW-scale solar projects, its first Pilbara wind farm at Nullagine, and a green iron plant at Christmas Creek targeting first metal by June 2026.

Fortescue has begun commissioning two Progress Rail battery electric locomotives on its Pilbara iron ore rail network, targeting elimination of about one million litres of diesel consumption per year. The units, supplied by Caterpillar’s rail subsidiary, are described as housing the world’s largest battery systems fitted to locomotives, designed for heavy-haul operations on long-distance ore trains. For mine planners and rail engineers, the project will test high-capacity battery performance, charging logistics and duty cycles under Pilbara heat, gradients and dust conditions.

Release has signed a seven-year leasing agreement with Tshukudu Metals Botswana, a Sandfire Resources subsidiary, to deploy a 21 MW solar power plant at the Motheo Copper Operations in Botswana. The modular plant will supply a significant share of Motheo’s process power demand, cutting diesel generation and exposure to regional grid constraints. For mine planners and process engineers, the deal signals further integration of long-term, contract-based renewable capacity into African copper operations’ power strategies.

Sandvik has agreed to acquire South Africa-based ThoroughTec Simulation, a developer of OEM-agnostic mining equipment simulators and a cloud-based training management system, which will be integrated into Sandvik Mining’s Parts and Services division. ThoroughTec’s portfolio covers surface and underground loaders, trucks and drills, allowing site-specific virtual training on actual mine layouts and control systems. The deal signals stronger emphasis on simulator-based operator training, with potential to standardise competency management and reduce in-field training hours across mixed fleets.

Betolar has entered a strategic collaboration with EcoGraf and the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) at the Epanko graphite project in Tanzania to test whether mine tailings can be reprocessed using Betolar’s metal extraction technology. The process is designed to enhance metal recovery from graphite tailings while generating secondary raw materials suitable for low-clinker binders and other construction products. For mine planners and tailings engineers, this signals potential shifts in tailings characterisation, storage design and long-term geochemical behaviour if waste streams are repurposed as feedstock.

Utranazz has cut prices on its Sermac truck-mounted concrete pump range by about £50,000 while keeping the same specification, output and build quality, directly targeting competition from Chinese-owned brands Cifa (Zoomlion), Putzmeister (Sany) and Schwing (XCMG). The Sermac 4ZR20 on a Mercedes 1827 4x2, 18‑tonne GVW chassis now lists at £255,000, the 5Z36 on a Mercedes Arocs 2643 6x4, 26‑tonne GVW at £350,000, and the 5RZ46 Superlight on a Mercedes Arocs 3246 8x4, 32‑tonne GVW at £425,000. For contractors, the move materially lowers capex for European-engineered pumps without trading off reach or reliability.

Genpower has relaunched the JCB-branded line with the JCB Pro 18V cordless platform, developed tool-by-tool over two years to compete directly with Bosch Blue, DeWalt, Makita and Milwaukee for professional construction, maintenance and agricultural use. The Pro 18V combi drill delivers 160Nm torque via a brushless motor with anti-kickback control and a 13mm ROHM metal chuck, while the Pro 18V grease gun provides up to 10,150psi (700 bar) and 300g/min flow with cartridge and bulk-fill options. All tools share a common 18V Li-ion battery system to standardise site kits and reduce downtime.

Schlam Payload has launched Xeroline, a mining truck tray range built using SSAB Zero™ green steel, claimed to be the first truck bodies made from 100% carbon-free steel in mining. The initial Xeroline trays are being supplied to Australian open-pit operations, targeting high-production fleets where payload and wear life are critical. For mine operators, the move offers a direct Scope 3 emissions reduction lever in load-and-haul fleets without changing truck models, while testing the durability and wear behaviour of fossil-free steel in heavy impact, high-abrasion duty cycles.

CopperTech Metals has formed a strategic partnership with Axiom Group, VBKOM and Fleet Space Technologies to deploy next-generation geoscience tools at Konkola Copper Mines, one of the world’s highest-grade copper operations run by CopperTech subsidiary KCM. The collaboration will use Fleet Space’s satellite-enabled subsurface imaging and Axiom/VBKOM’s integrated geoscience and mine planning workflows to accelerate 3D understanding of the orebody. Faster subsurface interpretation is aimed at shortening exploration decision cycles and tightening drill targeting around existing high-grade infrastructure.

Komatsu is expanding a national network for parts recycling and re-manufacture, using dedicated component workshops and centralised core collection to return engines, hydraulic pumps and driveline assemblies to OEM specification. The programme, developed over more than 30 years, focuses on heavy civil and mining fleets, offering factory-certified reman components with standard new-part warranties and controlled turnaround times to reduce machine downtime. For contractors and asset owners, the approach cuts lifecycle costs, lowers embodied carbon in major components and supports more predictable maintenance planning on high-hour equipment.

Helical piles are being positioned as an alternative to traditional drilled or spread concrete foundations for lattice and monopole communication towers, particularly where uplift, lateral loads and variable soils control design. Screw-in steel piles with helix plates can be installed with smaller rigs, generate minimal spoil, allow immediate loading and are removable at decommissioning, contrasting with large-diameter drilled shafts or pad-and-pier systems that require curing time and substantial excavation. The comparison focuses on sites with constrained access, weak or layered soils, and projects needing rapid deployment or future relocation.

Geotab has outlined a next-generation telematics roadmap for Australian fleets at Geotab Connect 2026, featuring AI-powered video safety tools designed to analyse driver behaviour and incident risk in real time. The company is also rolling out new in-vehicle hardware and “ruggedised” asset trackers aimed at operating reliably on remote haul roads and construction sites where traditional cellular coverage is limited. For civil and infrastructure contractors, the package targets tighter control of mixed fleets, from heavy trucks to off-highway plant, with improved location, utilisation and safety data.

Tutt Bryant Equipment is using long-term partnerships, flexible finance and tailored fleet planning to grow contractors such as Cooper Civil & Crushing, which has just added a Jonsson L120-330 double crusher to its mobile plant. The distributor supports customers from initial machine selection through to parts, service and rebuilds across loaders, crushers, screens and articulated dump trucks, reducing downtime on remote mining and quarry sites. For geotechnical and mining contractors, the model shifts capex towards scalable hire–purchase mixes while standardising support across mixed OEM fleets.

Liebherr will present its “Hands on the future” theme at Conexpo, showcasing new mining and construction technologies alongside digital service solutions. The company is expected to focus on equipment automation, data-driven maintenance and remote monitoring platforms integrated across its excavators, haul trucks and cranes. For mine operators and civil contractors, the exhibit signals continued investment in OEM-provided condition monitoring and lifecycle support, tightening the link between machine telemetry, fleet planning and on-site productivity.

Metso is promoting a “whole-of-circuit” approach to mineral processing, linking equipment such as vibrating pan feeders, multi-deck screens and high-pressure grinding rolls to optimise throughput and energy use rather than individual unit performance. By integrating digital tools like Metso Metrics and advanced process control with wear monitoring on crushers, mills and screens, the company aims to stabilise feed, reduce recirculating loads and extend liner life. For plant engineers, the message is to redesign and tune circuits as systems, not as isolated machines.

Proven air filtration protection for mine-site conditions is being targeted with Donaldson’s XHLX80K PowerCore kit, designed specifically for the Toyota Hilux N80 used in light-vehicle fleets on haul roads and in pit operations. The retrofit system replaces the OEM airbox with a high-dust-capacity PowerCore cartridge and sealed housing engineered for fine silica and abrasive dust typical of Australian open-cut mines. For maintenance planners, the kit aims to extend filter life, reduce unplanned engine derates, and standardise filtration performance across mixed-site Hilux fleets.

US battery recycler Aqua Metals has signed a term sheet to acquire Utah-based energy storage systems provider Lion Energy, aiming to control the full battery lifecycle from manufacturing and deployment to grid-interactive storage and end-of-life recovery. The deal would combine Aqua Metals’ recycled battery materials, including future supply of up to 1,000 tonnes per year of nickel carbonate to Westwin Elements from 2027, with Lion’s systems, software and manufacturing capability. Shares in Aqua Metals fell 6.9% on the announcement, leaving the company valued at $12.8 million.

CopperTech Metals has formed a strategic partnership with Axiom Group, VBKOM and Fleet Space Technologies to deploy Fleet’s ExoSphere space-enabled, AI-powered geoscience platform at Konkola Copper Mines in Zambia, a 2.9–3.3% Cu operation with about 16 Mt in combined copper reserves/resources and proven cobalt. Axiom will embed ExoSphere and run a high‑resolution 3D seismic survey over the orebody and proximal areas to generate detailed 3D orebody knowledge models and AI‑driven drill targets. The partners aim to shorten exploration learning cycles, cut drill uncertainty and tighten near‑mine resource definition in KCM’s complex geology.

Chevron’s Delo TorqForce MP has been approved by Allison Transmission as the first, and currently only, lubricant to meet the new TES 781 specification for stationary off-highway transmissions. TES 781 targets high-load, continuous-duty services such as hydraulic fracturing and high-pressure pumping, where transmissions run at sustained torque and temperature for long intervals. For mine operators using Allison-powered fixed or skid-mounted equipment, the approval provides a defined fluid option for warranty compliance and for managing wear, varnish and unplanned downtime in severe-duty drivetrains.

Evolution Mining has approved a coarse particle flotation (CPF) project at the Northparkes copper-gold mine in New South Wales, targeting higher copper recoveries by floating significantly coarser grind sizes than the existing circuit. The CPF installation will sit alongside the current concentrator, aiming to reduce overgrinding energy while capturing value from coarse sulphide particles that currently report to tailings. Board signoff of this and other portfolio projects signals continued capital allocation to brownfield process upgrades rather than major greenfield expansion.

BHP’s Western Australian Iron Ore (WAIO) haul truck fleet is delivering about 127,000 t/month (1.52 Mt/y) of additional iron ore after an engineering upgrade developed with JC Hydraulic. The solution centres on modified hydraulic tipping systems on ultra-class haul trucks, enabling faster, more reliable dump cycles and reducing truck idle time at crushers and stockpiles. For mine planners and maintenance teams, the change effectively adds high-availability truck capacity without expanding fleet size, with revenue uplift estimated in the tens of millions of dollars per year.

Lundin Mining’s 70%-owned Caserones copper mine in Chile has become the first active operation to run an ultra-class haul truck with a hybrid-electric system, retrofitting Komatsu 930E truck #330 with a Cummins First Mode kit. The retrofit converts the diesel-electric truck to a hybrid configuration using an onboard energy storage system to capture and reuse braking energy on haul cycles. For mine planners and maintenance teams, the project provides an in-field reference for fuel burn reduction, potential payload-neutral decarbonisation, and integration of hybrid powertrains into existing 930E fleets.

AFC Energy has signed a Joint Development Agreement with Komatsu and Komatsu affiliate Industrial Power Alliance to integrate AFC’s proprietary ammonia cracking technology into a Komatsu industrial diesel internal combustion engine. The project will use ammonia as a hydrogen carrier, cracking it on-board to supply low-carbon hydrogen to the engine while retaining existing diesel engine architecture. For mine operators, this points to a potential retrofit pathway for large haul trucks and auxiliary plant without immediate replacement of high-horsepower diesel fleets.

Brazilian Rare Earths has validated a low-temperature extraction flowsheet achieving 97 per cent total rare earth oxide recovery from its ionic clay-hosted mineralisation in Bahia, using ambient-pressure leaching rather than conventional high-heat cracking. The process targets magnet rare earths such as neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium, and is designed around simple tank leach, solid–liquid separation and impurity removal stages. Lower thermal input and simplified unit operations could materially cut capex and opex for future processing plants and ease scale-up of modular circuits.

Timken is extending the service life of cone and gyratory crushers in Australian mines by pairing precision-engineered tapered roller bearings with advanced wear-resistant coatings tailored to high-load, high-contamination environments. The company is applying solid-film and PVD-style surface treatments to bearing races and rollers to cut fretting, scuffing and false brinelling on crusher mainshafts and eccentric assemblies, reducing unplanned shutdowns and relubrication intervals. For maintenance and reliability teams, the approach targets lower lifecycle cost and longer rebuild cycles on critical primary and secondary crushing circuits.

Sandvik has launched the mid-range RG550Be drill bit resharpening machine, extending its RG-series portfolio between the smaller RG420 and the high-capacity RG600Pro to cover a broader spread of rotary and DTH bit sizes. The RG550Be targets mines seeking in-house bit maintenance where full automation is not yet justified, offering programmable grinding cycles and standard Sandvik bit geometry profiles to maintain penetration rates and reduce bit replacement frequency. For operations engineers, the expanded range allows closer matching of machine capacity to fleet size and bit diameter, improving utilisation of workshop grinding assets.

Bulk Expo has named Australian instrumentation specialist SRO Technology as a platinum sponsor for the 2024 Australian Bulk Handling Expo, held biennially in Melbourne for bulk materials handling, storage and conveying. SRO Technology supplies belt scale systems, density gauges and level measurement instrumentation widely used on overland conveyors, shiploaders and stockpile management in coal, iron ore and quarry operations. Their backing signals strong vendor engagement around higher-accuracy in-line measurement and process control for large-capacity bulk terminals and mine load‑out facilities.

Zoomlion has secured overseas mining and earthmoving equipment orders worth RMB 1.1 billion (just under US$160 million) following live demonstrations at its Changsha headquarters in Hunan. International customers attended on-site trials of new large-capacity excavators, haul trucks and loaders integrated with the company’s smart mining solutions platform. The deals signal further penetration of Chinese OEM fleets into global open-pit operations, with buyers evidently prioritising factory-supported autonomy-ready systems and remote monitoring over purely mechanical fleet upgrades.

Inner Mongolia Guangna Coal has signed a deal with Shaanxi Tonly Heavy Industry, CiDi, CATL and Jiangsu Hengwang Digital Technology to deploy 500 all‑electric, autonomous wide‑body mining trucks at its Wuhai operations. CiDi will provide the autonomous haulage system, CATL will supply high‑capacity traction batteries, and Hengwang will integrate fleet control into a smart mine platform. The project signals rapid scaling of battery‑electric AHS fleets in Chinese coal, with implications for pit design, power infrastructure and maintenance regimes.

SmartFleetDX, the digital solutions arm of BIA Group, has entered a strategic partnership with Wabtec Digital Mine to distribute Wabtec’s Gen3 Collision Avoidance System (CAS) and AI Smart Cameras. The agreement adds Gen3 CAS – widely used for proximity detection and vehicle-to-vehicle alerts on large haul trucks and loaders – into SmartFleetDX’s fleet management and monitoring offering. For mine operators, the move signals broader access to interoperable, retrofit-ready safety hardware that can be integrated with existing digital platforms for mixed fleets.

Draslovka and Avathon have formed a strategic commercial partnership to deploy AI‑enabled, autonomous and data‑driven operational systems across global mine sites. The combined offering links Draslovka’s real‑time mineral processing and chemical optimisation technologies with Avathon’s Autonomy for Operations platform to automate decision‑making in areas such as leach chemistry control, reagent dosing and plant throughput management. For operators, the move signals faster rollout of integrated autonomy stacks that sit on top of existing control systems rather than requiring full greenfield digital rebuilds.