US$12bn US critical minerals reserve: supply and offtake signals for miners
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on Australian Mining
30 Second Briefing
The US Government has launched a US$12 billion strategic critical minerals reserve, mirroring Australia’s national stockpile approach to secure supplies of lithium, rare earths and other battery and defence inputs. Funding will support long-term offtake contracts, stockpiling and processing capacity within US borders, reducing exposure to Chinese-controlled refining and midstream bottlenecks. For Australian miners, particularly in spodumene, nickel and rare earth projects, the move signals stronger demand for US-aligned supply with potential for co-funded downstream processing and joint venture refineries.
Technical Brief
- Mechanism centres on government-backed offtake contracts to underwrite mine, concentrator and refinery financing.
- Policy explicitly targets defence, grid storage, and EV supply chains as priority end‑use sectors.
- Stockpile management will require certified traceability of origin and processing route for each mineral batch.
- Long‑term contracts are expected to favour projects with integrated mining–processing flowsheets over raw concentrate exporters.
- For non‑US projects, bankability may hinge on aligning product specs with US midstream plant requirements.
Our Take
Linking a US strategic stockpile to the ‘critical minerals’ theme that also underpins Wyloo’s Eagle’s Nest project in Ontario suggests that high-grade underground deposits in stable jurisdictions may see stronger offtake and financing interest as governments move from policy signalling to reserve-backed procurement.
Within the 115 Policy stories in our database, only a subset involve explicit reserve-building or stockpiling, so a US move on critical minerals at this scale is likely to sharpen price and security-of-supply assumptions in project studies for Australian and North American developers.
For Australian operators covered by Australian Mining, parallel policy moves in both Australia and the United States increase the odds that long-term contracts for critical minerals will carry strategic rather than purely commercial terms, which can support marginal projects or higher-cost jurisdictions if they meet security-of-supply criteria.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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