Rio Tinto gallium R&D funding: process-stream recovery insights for engineers
Reviewed by Tom Sullivan

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
Rio Tinto has secured conditional approval for a C$18.95 million non‑repayable contribution from Natural Resources Canada’s Global Partnerships Initiative, adding to C$7 million from Quebec, to advance primary gallium extraction at its 1 Mt/y Vaudreuil alumina refinery in Saguenay–Lac‑Saint‑Jean. Working with Indium Corporation, Rio has already produced first gallium and plans a demonstration plant targeting up to 4 tonnes per year from 2027. A subsequent commercial‑scale plant could reach 40 tonnes annually, about 5% of current global output, creating a new North American gallium source from refinery process streams.
Technical Brief
- First primary gallium was produced in May 2025 in partnership with New York-based Indium Corporation.
- Vaudreuil refinery, operating since 1936, supplies about 70% of alumina needs for Rio’s regional smelters.
- The refinery has a nominal alumina production capacity of 1 Mt per year from bauxite feed.
- Located in Arvida within the Jonquière Complex, Vaudreuil is Canada’s only bauxite-to-alumina refinery.
- Current global primary gallium output is quoted at “more than 700 t/y”, entirely outside North America.
- Gallium output is targeted for high-speed, high-efficiency electronics: radars, smartphones, EVs and laptops.
Our Take
With global gallium output a little above 700 t/y, a 40 t/y commercial plant at the Vaudreuil alumina refinery in Québec would put Rio Tinto among the very small group of non-Chinese suppliers, which is strategically significant for North American and US supply-chain policies referenced in our other critical-mineral coverage.
Leveraging a 1 Mt/y alumina operation that already supplies about 70% of Rio’s regional smelter needs suggests this gallium project is essentially a process-intensification and by-product recovery play, which typically carries much lower technical and permitting risk than a greenfield gallium mine.
Within our 16 keyword-matched pieces on gallium and aluminium, most focus on downstream electronics or decarbonisation; this is one of the few where public financing (Natural Resources Canada plus Québec) is explicitly backing upstream recovery technology, signalling that similar bauxite–alumina complexes in Canada and Australia may be next candidates for by-product critical mineral extraction.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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