Canada’s critical minerals race with the US: infrastructure and permitting lens
Reviewed by Tom Sullivan

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
Canada’s critical minerals push is lagging US urgency, with Washington proposing a US$12‑billion “Project Vault” stockpile and even floating single‑month permitting for strategic mines, while Canadian approvals remain “glacial”. Anthony Vaccaro argues Canada’s C$4‑billion Critical Minerals Strategy, 26 G7 Production Alliance-backed investments and talk of a Critical Minerals Sovereign Fund still lack the execution speed needed to convert world-class lithium, graphite, nickel and rare earth deposits into processing capacity. He warns that without rapid permitting reform and Arctic infrastructure – ports, rail, grids and logistics – Canada risks ceding geopolitical leverage to China and faster-moving allies.
Technical Brief
- Project Vault is framed as a US$12‑billion physical stockpile of unprocessed critical raw materials.
- China is cited as controlling ~60% of global critical mineral mining and nearly 90% of processing.
Our Take
Within the 136 Policy stories in our database, very few discuss stockpiling on the scale of Project Vault’s proposed US$12 billion reserve, signalling that the U.S. approach to copper, graphite, rare earths and other critical minerals is being framed more like strategic petroleum reserves than traditional industrial policy.
Canada’s nearly C$4 billion Critical Minerals Strategy, spread across 15 federal departments, contrasts with the more centralised U.S. State Department-led push; for project developers in the North and Canada’s Arctic this likely means more complex but also more diversified funding and permitting pathways than in the U.S.
The note that 1.2 million tonnes of non-Chinese smelter capacity went idle in January underscores a recurring theme in our critical minerals coverage: even where Canada and the USA have upstream copper, nickel or cobalt resources, midstream processing bottlenecks remain the binding constraint on supply security.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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