US $2.5bn critical minerals reserve: supply risk and pricing lens for engineers
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
US lawmakers have introduced a bipartisan bill to create a $2.5 billion Strategic Resilience Reserve for critical minerals, with a seven-member board empowered to buy, store and sell materials such as rare earths, lithium, graphite and cobalt across US facilities. The reserve would prioritise recycled feedstock but also accept mined material, recycle sale proceeds back into operations, and allow allied countries to join with contributions of at least $100 million. Proponents aim to counter China’s control of about 60% of mined rare earths and most downstream processing, and to anchor a Western price benchmark for currently thinly traded minerals.
Technical Brief
- Proposed reserve capitalisation is $2.5 billion, structured as a government-funded strategic stockpile programme.
- Governance mirrors the US Federal Reserve, with a seven-member board directing all purchase and sale decisions.
- Target commodities explicitly include rare earths, lithium, graphite and cobalt used in EVs, electronics and defence.
- Board mandate includes stabilising mineral prices distorted by Chinese overproduction (e.g. lithium) or export curbs.
- Sale proceeds are earmarked for reinvestment into the reserve, creating a revolving, self-sustaining funding mechanism.
- Allied-country participation requires a minimum $100 million contribution, effectively setting a financial threshold for entry.
- Legislative sponsors span both chambers and parties: Senator Jeanne Shaheen, Senator Todd Young and Representative Rob Wittman.
Our Take
Within the 79 Policy stories in our database, this is one of the few that proposes a formal stockpile mechanism for critical minerals in the USA, signalling a move from permitting and tax-credit tools towards direct market intervention in cobalt, lithium, graphite and rare earths.
The requirement for at least $100 million from each allied nation effectively sets a bar that only larger economies such as Canada can realistically clear, which is likely to concentrate influence over reserve governance among a small group of states rather than a broad coalition.
With China still accounting for about 60% of mined rare earths in our dataset, a $2.5 billion US reserve is more likely to stabilise short‑term supply risk than to displace Chinese production, so upstream projects in the West may see this mainly as offtake and price‑floor support rather than a demand shock.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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