Stardust Power US lithium pipeline: Muskogee refinery design and supply notes for engineers
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
Stardust Power has signed a Letter of Intent to source up to 15,000 t/y of lithium carbonate equivalent as lithium chloride from a California brine project, feeding its planned Muskogee, Oklahoma refinery from Q1 2028 with options for additional volumes. The Muskogee plant has completed Front-End Loading 3 engineering and secured its air quality construction permit, clearing key pre-construction hurdles. Located near the Port of Muskogee Free Trade Zone with road, rail and water access, the refinery is being configured for scalable production of battery-grade lithium carbonate from multiple US brine streams.
Technical Brief
- LOI covers up to 15,000 t/y LCE as lithium chloride from a California brine operation.
- Initial deliveries are targeted for early Q1 2028 into the Muskogee refinery supply chain.
- Agreement grants Stardust Power discretionary rights to purchase additional lithium chloride volumes beyond the base tonnage.
- Multiple feedstock arrangements are already “in place and underway”, indicating a multi-source brine supply model.
- Integrated strategy is framed around “aggregating reliable U.S.-based feedstock” with centralised refining in Oklahoma.
- CEO notes market shift towards upstream lithium chloride production, favouring refineries configured for brine-derived intermediates.
Our Take
With Stardust Power already appearing in coverage of Oklahoma’s push to be a critical minerals processing hub alongside Emirates Global Aluminium and USA Rare Earth, the Muskogee lithium refinery reinforces the state’s strategy of importing feedstock (from places like California and Western Canada) rather than relying on in‑state mining.
Locating the Muskogee lithium refinery within the Port of Muskogee’s Free Trade Zone gives Stardust Power a customs and logistics advantage for importing lithium chloride from Western Canada and exporting battery‑grade lithium carbonate, which could be significant if US trade policy tightens around critical minerals by the late 2020s.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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