Australia critical minerals stockpile: supply-chain and project finance lens
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
Australia will create a A$1.2 billion critical minerals reserve by year-end 2026, initially stockpiling domestically produced rare earths, antimony and gallium to counter China’s pricing power and support defence and clean-tech supply chains. The scheme will secure and on-sell offtake rights rather than physical tonnes, with Export Finance Australia and the industry department gaining expanded powers to structure transactions and support local miners. An associated US–Australia agreement includes an US$8.5 billion project pipeline, and G7 finance ministers are expected to debate minimum pricing for some critical minerals.
Technical Brief
- Mechanism relies on securing and trading offtake rights, not warehousing physical ore or concentrates.
- Initial focus commodities are rare earth elements, antimony and gallium from Australian mine production streams.
- Canberra intends reserve-backed offtake to be accessible to allied countries to bridge short‑term supply disruptions.
Our Take
Linking a A$1.2 billion critical minerals stockpile to the US–Australia US$8.5 billion project pipeline effectively underwrites offtake risk for rare earths and antimony developers in Australia, which our coverage shows have struggled to reach FID without visible long‑term demand anchors.
Lynas Rare Earths’ recent power‑related disruptions at the Kalgoorlie cracking and leaching plant highlight that any Australian stockpile strategy for rare earths will also need grid‑reliability and processing‑capacity fixes, not just funding for physical inventories.
In our database of Policy pieces, Australia‑China rare earths tensions recur alongside reports of potential Chinese export curbs, suggesting this stockpile move is as much about insulating domestic copper and rare‑earth supply chains from Beijing–Washington shocks as it is about supporting new projects in Perth and other hubs.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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