Professor Andre van As on cave mining skills: key lessons for project teams
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on Australian Centre for Geomechanics – News
30 Second Briefing
Deep cave mining faces an acute skills crunch as Deloitte projects nearly 50% of mining engineers will reach retirement age within a decade, while Australian accredited undergraduate mining graduates fell from 282 in 2015 to 68 in 2021 and most 2025 graduates now come from master’s programmes with uncertain local retention. Professor Andre van As notes that no top-10 mining school offers a dedicated underground mass mining or cave mining programme, and many academics and SMEs are already at or past typical retirement age. The South Gobi Underground Mass Mining Institute at Oyu Tolgoi, funded initially by Rio Tinto, offers a prototype: expert-taught, site-based cave mining training with professional certification, with AI used to capture and scale retiring specialists’ knowledge rather than replace it.
Technical Brief
- Deep cave orebodies cited are typically >1,400 m deep, where caving is often the only viable method.
- Capital for block and panel caves is committed years before draw response is observable, making design errors effectively irreversible.
- Deloitte (2026) and McKinsey (2023) data are combined with ANMEE (2026) and Engineers Australia (2024) statistics to quantify specialist shortages.
- Hebblewhite and Knights (2011) data on academic age distribution (57% over 50; 27% over 55) underpin the ageing-teacher risk assessment.
- The South Gobi Underground Mass Mining Institute is anchored at the operating Oyu Tolgoi block cave, enabling direct site-based training and observation.
- SGUMMI’s model integrates classroom theory, mentored field exposure and presenter succession planning, culminating in a Professional Development Certificate.
- AI tools are proposed to capture tacit cave-mining know‑how from retiring SMEs, structure it, and personalise training content, not to automate design decisions.
Our Take
The copper focus and reference to the Oyu Tolgoi block cave mine place this piece within the small subset of our 1265 Mining stories that deal with deep, high-capex underground mass mining, where skills shortages in caving design and geomechanics tend to be most acute.
The projected shortfall between Australia’s mining engineering graduate supply and the 160–200 engineers per annum demand range suggests operators like Rio Tinto will increasingly lean on global consultancies such as AMC Consultants and OEMs like Sandvik for caving design, automation and training capacity rather than relying solely on in-house teams.
With nearly half of mining engineers and a high share of Australian mining academics approaching retirement within the next decade, institutes such as Mining Education Australia and the South Gobi Underground Mass Mining Institute are likely to become key vehicles for transferring caving know‑how from projects like Oyu Tolgoi to the next generation before that expertise is lost.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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