Rio Tinto’s $1.4bn Argentina lithium hub: capacity, process routes and risks for mine planners
Reviewed by Joe Ashwell

First reported on MINING.com
30 Second Briefing
Rio Tinto has commissioned its $530 million Fénix 1B expansion and $374 million Sal de Vida lithium carbonate plant in Catamarca, delivering first production in Q2 2026 and adding 25,000 tonnes/year of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) capacity. The projects, part of an integrated hub on the Salar del Hombre Muerto with a 19‑million‑tonne LCE resource, lift Rio’s nominal Argentine capacity (including Olaroz) to about 100,000 tonnes/year and combine direct lithium extraction at Fénix with evaporation ponds at Sal de Vida. Further Fénix expansions, including the proposed Fénix II plant, could require around $1 billion and are being lined up for Argentina’s 30‑year RIGI incentive regime.
Technical Brief
- Fénix 1B capex is $530 million, with Sal de Vida phase one funded at $374 million.
- Fénix 1B lifts Fénix’s total nameplate capacity to about 40,000 tonnes LCE per year.
- A further Fénix expansion (Fénix II) is being scoped at roughly $1 billion capex on Hombre Muerto.
- Rio Tinto targets Fénix II for RIGI registration in 2027, seeking 30‑year tax and FX stability.
- Another Fénix expansion decision is pencilled for 2028–2029, extending staged brownfield growth.
- Sal de Vida, 20 km north‑east of Fénix, is designed for 15,000 tonnes LCE per year.
- Integrated Hombre Muerto hub draws on an estimated 19 million tonnes LCE brine resource base.
- Fénix applies direct lithium extraction, while Sal de Vida uses conventional evaporation ponds, enabling process diversification.
- Including Olaroz, Rio Tinto’s nominal Argentine lithium capacity now totals about 100,000 tonnes LCE annually.
- Nearly 70% of Rio’s planned $4 billion Argentine lithium growth capex is earmarked for local suppliers.
Our Take
With Rio Tinto’s planned US$4 billion lithium growth capital in Argentina and its 66.5% stake in Olaroz, the company is effectively building a multi-asset cluster in the Lithium Triangle, which tends to lower unit costs and infrastructure risk compared with single-salar plays in our database.
The 30‑year RIGI tax and FX stability window, combined with a minimum project size of US$200 million, favours large-scale operators like Rio Tinto and Eramet in Catamarca and Salta, and is likely to make it harder for smaller lithium juniors to compete for prime brine ground in Argentina.
Prepared by collating external sources, AI-assisted tools, and Geomechanics.io’s proprietary mining database, then reviewed for technical accuracy & edited by our geotechnical team.
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