Excavation is under way 1.5km below ground at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility in South Dakota to create three caverns, each roughly cathedral-sized, to house the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment’s liquid-argon detectors. The 1,300km-long beamline from Fermilab to the former Homestake gold mine demands tight control of rock mass behaviour, with extensive pre-grouting, cable bolting and shotcrete linings in complex, stressed Precambrian formations. Construction sequencing, spoil handling through deep shafts and long-term groundwater management are central geotechnical risks for the multi-year programme.

Immediate load capacity of helical anchors and piles at installation is being challenged by data showing significant “aging” effects, with shaft resistance and overall capacity increasing measurably over days to months in clays and some sands. The discussion contrasts torque-correlated design methods with time-dependent capacity gains, referencing field load tests where post-installation capacity growth alters factor-of-safety assumptions and serviceability performance. For practitioners, the key issue is whether to rely solely on installation torque or to incorporate waiting periods and ageing factors into design for temporary works, tiebacks and lightly loaded foundations.

JP Giroud’s legacy site consolidates more than 400 technical documents, including his 1977 geomembrane liner leakage formulation and 1982 composite liner concept, which underpin modern landfill and heap leach barrier design. The archive spans Terzaghi Lecture materials, ASCE Geo-Institute Hero content, and International Geosynthetics Society presidential work from 1986–1990, plus design charts, case histories, and conference keynotes. Practitioners gain a single reference point for Giroud’s methods on leakage control, stability of geosynthetic-lined slopes, and geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures.